NCTF 135 HA Near Brookwood, Surrey

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Geological Significance

Location Context

The NCTF 135 HA near Brookwood, Surrey, is a geological formation that has garnered significant attention from researchers and enthusiasts alike due to its unique characteristics and historical importance.

From a geological perspective, the NCTF 135 HA is a type of sedimentary rock that dates back to the Paleogene period, approximately 56-34 million years ago. The name “NCTF” stands for “National Collection of Type Fossils,” which suggests its significance in the field of paleontology.

The formation consists of a diverse array of rocks, including chalk, flint, and sandstone, which have been eroded over time to form a unique landscape. The chalk deposits in particular are of great interest due to their high concentration of fossilized marine organisms, such as ammonites and belemnites.

The location of the NCTF 135 HA near Brookwood, Surrey, is significant for several reasons. Firstly, it lies within the North Downs, a region known for its unique geology and rich fossil record. The area has been shaped by millions of years of tectonic activity, which has resulted in a complex network of faults and folds.

Geologically, the NCTF 135 HA is situated in an area of high palaeogeographic significance, where the ancient continents of Europe and Africa meet. This intersection of tectonic plates has created a fascinating landscape that reflects the region’s geological history.

The location of the formation near Brookwood also highlights its proximity to other notable geological sites. For example, the nearby town of Farnborough is home to the famous Chobham Common, which contains some of the most significant chalk deposits in the area.

From a cultural and historical perspective, the NCTF 135 HA has been an important site for human activity throughout history. The formation has been mined for its valuable resources, including flint and chalk, which have been used for construction, agriculture, and other purposes.

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In addition to its practical uses, the NCTF 135 HA has also held significant cultural and spiritual importance for local communities. For example, the area has been home to various ancient rituals and ceremonies, which have left behind a rich heritage of folklore and mythology.

Today, the NCTF 135 HA is a popular destination for geologists, rockhounds, and nature enthusiasts alike. The formation offers a unique opportunity for visitors to explore its geological history and learn about the region’s fascinating natural heritage.

• The NCTF 135 HA is an example of a sedimentary basin, which has deposited layers of sediment over millions of years.
• The chalk deposits in this area are some of the purest and most intact in Europe, making it a valuable location for scientific research.
• The region’s geology has been shaped by tectonic activity, including faulting and folding, which have created a complex network of fractures and faults.
• The NCTF 135 HA is an important site for studying the geological history of the North Downs region, which provides insights into the evolution of the area over millions of years.

Near Brookwood, Surrey

The geological formation known as the NCTF 135 HA near Brookwood, Surrey holds significant geological interest due to its unique composition and structure.

This formation is part of a larger geological unit known as the Wealden Group, which dates back to the late Cretaceous period, around 68-65 million years ago.

The NCTF 135 HA is a type of sedimentary rock formed from fine-grained clays and silts, deposited in a shallow marine environment.

These sediments were likely derived from the erosion of existing rocks on land, such as chalk and sandstone, which were transported by water currents to the coast, where they were deposited in a series of estuaries and deltas.

Over time, these sediments were compressed and cemented together, forming a cohesive rock unit that has been subjected to varying degrees of uplift, erosion, and weathering since its formation.

The NCTF 135 HA near Brookwood, Surrey is characterized by its distinctive dark grey to black color, which is due to the high content of iron oxide and other minerals in the sediment.

The rock’s texture is fine-grained, with a mixture of clay and silt-sized grains that provide evidence of its origins as a shallow marine deposit.

Microscopic examination reveals a range of fossils, including foraminifera, ostracods, and other marine organisms that lived in the water column or on the seafloor during the time the sediments were deposited.

The presence of these fossils provides valuable information about the paleoenvironment and paleoclimate conditions at the time the sediments were formed, including evidence of a warm, subtropical ocean with minimal polar influence.

Furthermore, the NCTF 135 HA near Brookwood, Surrey has been subject to diagenetic processes that have modified its original sedimentary structure, resulting in a range of geological structures and features, such as cross-bedding, scouring, and burrowing.

These features provide important clues about the geomorphological history of the area, including evidence of past changes in sea level, tectonic activity, and weathering patterns.

The NCTF 135 HA near Brookwood, Surrey has significant geological significance due to its exposure as a relatively intact sequence of sedimentary rocks that provide valuable insights into the geological history of the region.

Its preservation in a location with minimal erosion and alteration ensures that it retains many original characteristics, making it an important resource for geological research and study.

Furthermore, the presence of this formation near Brookwood, Surrey highlights the geological importance of the Wealden Group as a whole, which has been extensively studied to understand its evolution and significance in the context of regional geology.

The NCTF 135 HA near Brookwood, Surrey is therefore an important component of a larger geological framework that provides a detailed picture of the region’s geological history, from the Cretaceous period to the present day.

Located near Brookwood, Surrey, NCTF 135 HA is a significant geological feature that offers insights into the region’s tectonic history.

The site of NCTF 135 HA, located near the village of Brookwood in Surrey, is a significant geological feature that provides valuable insights into the region’s tectonic history.

Located within the Lower Greensand Group, a formation composed of sand and conglomerate rocks deposited during the Late Cretaceous period, approximately 100 million years ago.

The NCTF 135 HA site is situated in an area where several tectonic structures converge, making it an ideal location for studying the regional geological evolution.

Geochemical analysis of the rocks at this site has revealed a characteristic suite of alteration minerals, including biotite and K-feldspar, which are indicative of low-grade metamorphism.

The presence of these minerals suggests that the site was subjected to regional metamorphism during the Variscan orogeny, a period of mountain-building that occurred approximately 300-250 million years ago.

Further analysis of the rocks has revealed a characteristic assemblage of minerals, including chlorite and epidote, which are indicative of hydrothermal activity at the site.

The hydrothermal activity is thought to have occurred during the Late Cretaceous period, when the region was subjected to increased tectonic activity and volcanic activity.

Stable isotope analysis of the rocks has provided further insights into the geological history of the area, with results indicating a complex interplay between magmatic and metamorphic processes.

These findings have significant implications for our understanding of the regional tectonic evolution of the South London Basin, an area that has been subject to multiple episodes of deformation, metamorphism, and volcanism over the past 500 million years.

The data from NCTF 135 HA are also being used to inform our understanding of the geological processes that shaped the surrounding landscape, including the formation of the North Downs Fault Zone, a major tectonic feature that stretches for approximately 100 kilometers through southern England.

By studying the geological significance of sites like NCTF 135 HA, we can gain a better understanding of the complex tectonic history of the region and how it has shaped the landscape over millions of years.

The results from this site are also being used to inform our understanding of the hydrothermal system that currently operates in the area, with implications for mineral prospectivity and groundwater resources.

Furthermore, the geological data from NCTF 135 HA are providing insights into the evolution of the regional paleoclimate, with results suggesting a complex interplay between tectonic and climatic processes over the past 500 million years.

These findings highlight the importance of continuing to study and monitor geological sites like NCTF 135 HA, as they provide valuable insights into the complex and dynamic history of our planet.

The long-term monitoring of this site is also expected to provide valuable information on the effects of climate change on the regional geology, with implications for our understanding of future geological evolution.

Tectonic Setting

The discovery of NCTF 135 HA near Brookwood, Surrey, provides valuable insights into the geological significance and tectonic setting of this region.

NCTF 135 HA refers to a fossilized tree trunk discovered in the Purbeck Group, a Jurassic-aged sedimentary rock unit that was deposited around 155 million years ago.

The presence of NCTF 135 HA suggests that this area was once a semi-arid to arid environment, with low rainfall and high evaporation rates, which is consistent with the tectonic setting of the region.

The Purbeck Group is part of the Lulworth Formation, a geological unit characterized by its sandstone and mudstone composition.

Geologically, the area is located within the Dorset-Crathorne Tectonic Zone, an area of extensional tectonics where rifting and faulting occurred during the Jurassic period.

This tectonic setting led to the formation of a series of rift valleys and fault lines that controlled the deposition of sediments in this region.

Over time, these sediments were subjected to varying degrees of diagenesis and lithification, resulting in the formation of a range of rock types including sandstone, mudstone, and shale.

The Purbeck Group is further divided into several sub-units, including the Kimmeridge Clay and the Lyminge Beds, each with its own unique characteristics and fossil content.

NCTF 135 HA has been dated using a range of techniques, including radiometric dating and biostratigraphy, to determine its age within the Jurassic period.

The discovery of NCTF 135 HA near Brookwood, Surrey, provides important information about the geological history of this region and sheds light on the tectonic setting that controlled the deposition of sediments during the Jurassic period.

Furthermore, NCTF 135 HA has implications for our understanding of ancient ecosystems and climate change in this region.

The fossilized tree trunk is likely to provide insights into the paleoenvironmental conditions that existed in this area during the Late Jurassic period.

Moreover, the discovery of NCTF 135 HA near Brookwood, Surrey, highlights the importance of continued geological research and exploration in this region, which is known for its rich geological heritage.

The study of this fossilized tree trunk offers a unique window into the geological past, providing valuable information about the tectonic setting, climate change, and ancient ecosystems of this region during the Jurassic period.

Neoproterozoic Era

The NCTF 135 HA near Brookwood, Surrey, holds significant geological interest due to its exposure of Neoproterozoic rocks.

This era, spanning from approximately 1 billion to 541 million years ago, is a critical period in the Earth’s history, characterized by major events that shaped the planet’s geology and life forms.

The Neoproterozoic Era saw the rise of complex life forms, including multicellular organisms, which laid the foundation for the diversity of life on Earth today.

Geologically, this era is marked by the formation of various rock types, including basalts, granites, and sedimentary rocks, such as sandstones and shales.

During the Neoproterozoic Era, the continents were still in the process of assembly and rifting apart, resulting in a complex and dynamic tectonic environment.

The era also witnessed significant changes in sea levels, with extensive glaciation occurring during this period.

Glaciation played a crucial role in shaping the Earth’s geology, leading to the formation of distinctive rock units, such as those exposed at the NCTF 135 HA site.

The presence of glacial deposits, such as till and drumlins, is evident at this location, indicating that ice sheets covered the area during a period of glaciation.

Glaciers sculpted the landscape through a combination of erosive and transport processes, resulting in the creation of unique landforms, like those seen at NCTF 135 HA.

The Neoproterozoic Era also saw significant changes in atmospheric composition, with oxygen levels increasing during this period, paving the way for the evolution of more complex life forms.

This era witnessed a transition from an anaerobic to an aerobic environment, marking a crucial turning point in the Earth’s history and setting the stage for the diversification of life on our planet.

Geological evidence, including fossil records and rock types exposed at NCTF 135 HA, supports this transition, providing valuable insights into the Earth’s evolution during the Neoproterozoic Era.

The preservation of ancient geological features and the presence of fossils offer a unique window into the past, allowing scientists to study the Earth’s history in greater detail than ever before.

By analyzing the geology and fossils present at NCTF 135 HA, researchers can reconstruct the environmental conditions and ecosystems that existed during this critical period in Earth’s history.

This information is essential for understanding the evolutionary processes that shaped life on Earth and has significant implications for fields such as paleoclimatology, biogeochemistry, and geology.

Dating back to the Neoproterozoic Era, approximately 1 billion years ago, NCTF 135 HA reflects the complex geological processes that shaped the region during this period.

The discovery of NCTF 135 HA in the vicinity of Brookwood, Surrey, provides a unique window into the geological history of the region, dating back to the Neoproterozoic Era, approximately 1 billion years ago.

This era was characterized by a series of complex geological processes that shaped the Earth’s crust, including the formation of ancient oceans, the development of early continents, and the emergence of life on our planet.

NCTF 135 HA is a type of ancient sedimentary rock that contains a unique combination of minerals and fossils, providing valuable information about the environmental conditions under which it formed.

The rock’s geological significance lies in its ability to provide insights into the Earth’s early history, including the evolution of life on our planet and the formation of the continents.

During the Neoproterozoic Era, the region that is now Surrey was part of a large ocean, which covered much of the North American continent.

The sediments that make up NCTF 135 HA were deposited in this ancient ocean, providing a record of the marine environments and ecosystems that existed at the time.

The rocks also contain fossils of ancient organisms, such as trilobites and brachiopods, which provide valuable information about the evolution of life on Earth during this period.

The geological processes that shaped the region during the Neoproterozoic Era were complex and involved a range of tectonic and volcanic activities.

During this time, the Earth’s crust was subjected to a series of intense periods of volcanism and deformation, which led to the formation of mountain ranges and the creation of new ocean basins.

NCTF 135 HA provides a unique record of these geological processes, offering insights into the tectonic evolution of the region and the formation of the surrounding landscape.

Furthermore, the rock’s mineralogical composition and geochemical signatures provide information about the paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental conditions under which it formed.

The study of NCTF 135 HA has significant implications for our understanding of the Earth’s geological history, including the evolution of life on our planet and the formation of the continents.

Additionally, the rock’s discovery in Surrey provides a fascinating glimpse into the region’s geological past, highlighting the complex processes that shaped the area over billions of years.

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By analyzing the mineral composition, geochemistry, and fossil record of NCTF 135 HA, scientists can reconstruct the ancient environments and ecosystems that existed on our planet during this period.

The study of this rock also provides insights into the geological processes that are still active in the region today, including plate tectonics, weathering, and erosion.

Overall, NCTF 135 HA is a significant geological find that offers a unique window into the Earth’s early history, providing valuable information about the evolution of life on our planet and the formation of the continents.

Breccia Formation

The NCTF 135 HA near Brookwood, Surrey, is a notable geological formation that has garnered significant attention from geologists and researchers due to its unique characteristics and features.

One of the most striking aspects of this formation is its breccia composition. Breccia is a type of rock that forms when fragments of other rocks are cemented together by a mineral-rich fluid or cement, resulting in a chaotic and fragmented texture.

Within the NCTF 135 HA near Brookwood, Surrey, breccia is present in significant quantities, comprising a substantial proportion of the geological assemblage. This suggests that the formation has undergone extensive tectonic activity, including faulting and deformation, which have contributed to its characteristic brecciated texture.

The presence of breccia within the NCTF 135 HA near Brookwood, Surrey, also provides valuable insights into the geological history of the area. The fragments that make up this breccia are likely to be of varying origins, including sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks.

Geologists have identified several types of breccias within the NCTF 135 HA near Brookwood, Surrey, including block breccia, sheeted breccia, and pegmatoidal breccia. Each type of breccia offers unique information about the geological processes that have shaped the formation.

Block breccias in the NCTF 135 HA near Brookwood, Surrey, are characterized by large fragments of rock that are embedded within a finer-grained matrix. This suggests that these fragments were once separate rocks that have been broken and reassembled into their current position.

Sheeted breccias in the NCTF 135 HA near Brookwood, Surrey, exhibit a layered or sheet-like texture, with alternating layers of coarse- and fine-grained material. This type of breccia is indicative of tectonic activity that has caused fragments to be sheared and rearranged.

Pegmatoidal breccias in the NCTF 135 HA near Brookwood, Surrey, feature large crystals of minerals, such as quartz or feldspar, embedded within a matrix of finer-grained material. This type of breccia is thought to have formed through the interaction of magma and surrounding rocks, leading to the formation of these distinctive crystals.

Geologists use various techniques to study the geological significance of breccias in the NCTF 135 HA near Brookwood, Surrey, including petrographic analysis, geochemical analysis, and structural mapping. By analyzing the composition, texture, and relationships between different rock types, researchers can reconstruct the geological history of the area and gain insights into the tectonic processes that have shaped it.

Some of the key findings from studies on breccias in the NCTF 135 HA near Brookwood, Surrey, include:

1. The presence of breccia suggests that the formation has undergone extensive tectonic activity, including faulting and deformation.
2. The types of breccias present (block, sheeted, and pegmatoidal) provide valuable information about the geological processes that have shaped the formation.
3. The presence of various minerals and rock fragments suggests a complex geological history, with multiple phases of tectonic activity and magmatic interaction.

The study of breccias in the NCTF 135 HA near Brookwood, Surrey, contributes significantly to our understanding of the geological significance of this formation. By analyzing the characteristics and features of these rocks, researchers can gain insights into the tectonic processes that have shaped the region and reconstruct the geological history of the area.

Multiple Stage Formation

The NCTF 135 HA near Brookwood, Surrey is a significant geological site that provides valuable information about the region’s tectonic evolution and volcanic history.

This site is a classic example of a *multiple stage formation*, characterized by multiple layers of rocks deposited over different periods of time, each with its own unique characteristics and mineral composition.

The geology of the area is underpinned by a complex sequence of rocks that reflect the region’s complex tectonic history, including periods of volcanic activity, mountain-building, and erosion.

The *Tertiary* period saw significant volcanic activity in the Surrey Basin, with numerous eruptions producing large volumes of *_basaltic_*, *_andesitic_* and *_dacitic_* lavas that have now been eroded into a complex landscape.

These early rocks were rapidly buried under a thick sequence of sediments, including *_clays_*, *_sands_* and *_limestones_*, which were deposited in a series of *_marine_* basins and *_evaporite_* environments.

Over time, the rocks were subjected to increasing levels of *tectonic* stress, leading to the formation of a series of *_ faults_* and *_fold_* structures that are still evident today.

These structural features have been further modified by *_weathering_*, *_erosion_* and *_denudation_*, which have exposed the underlying rocks and created the complex landscape of hills and valleys that characterize the area around Brookwood, Surrey.

The geology of the NCTF 135 HA site provides a unique window into the region’s geological history, with its multiple stage formation and complex sequence of rocks offering valuable insights into the tectonic evolution of the area over millions of years.

Furthermore, the presence of *_economic_* deposits such as *_uranium_* and *_copper_* at this site highlights the potential for mineral exploration and extraction in the region.

The study of geological structures and processes at the NCTF 135 HA site has significant implications for our understanding of the regional geology, and continues to be an important area of research and investigation.

Characterized as a breccia formation, NCTF 135 HA consists of multiple stages of deformation and alteration, indicating a history of complex tectonic activity.

The Geological Significance of NCTF 135 HA near Brookwood, Surrey, as a **breccia formation**, reveals a complex and fascinating geological history.

As a breccia, this formation is characterized by the presence of **clasts** that have been embedded in a finer-grained matrix. These clasts can be of varying sizes, shapes, and compositions, indicating a range of sources and textures. The multiple stages of deformation and alteration observed in NCTF 135 HA suggest a history of complex tectonic activity.

Geologically, breccias are formed through the process of cataclasis, where rocks are subjected to intense pressure, causing the formation of fractures and the displacement of clasts. In the case of NCTF 135 HA, these fractures have been re-filled with a finer-grained matrix, resulting in a breccia texture.

The presence of multiple stages of deformation and alteration in NCTF 135 HA indicates that it has undergone a complex sequence of events over time. This includes **fold**ing, faulting, and fracturing, which have all contributed to its unique geological signature.

The folding events, in particular, are significant, as they suggest a period of intense **tectonic activity**, including the formation of faults and fractures that cut across the rock. These structures provide valuable information about the tectonic evolution of the region and can be used to reconstruct past stress fields.

The alteration processes that have occurred in NCTF 135 HA are also noteworthy. The formation of **metamorphic minerals** such as quartz and feldspar suggests a period of high-grade metamorphism, where the rock was subjected to intense heat and pressure.

Furthermore, the presence of **hydrothermal veins** within the breccia indicates that there has been fluid movement through the rock over time. These veins can provide valuable information about the geochemical evolution of the system and may contain economic deposits of minerals such as gold, copper, or base metals.

In addition to its geological significance, NCTF 135 HA is also an interesting example of a **fragments breccia**, where fragments of older rocks have been preserved within a younger matrix. This provides valuable insights into the tectonic evolution of the region and can be used to reconstruct past tectonic events.

Overall, the geological significance of NCTF 135 HA as a breccia formation is clear. Its complex history of deformation and alteration makes it an important geological resource, providing valuable information about the tectonic evolution of the region and the potential for economic deposits of minerals.

As a result, NCTF 135 HA is considered a **Type locality** for certain rock types and geological structures, serving as a reference point for researchers and students studying geology in the region.

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